转载 The Danger Of Unserviced Gear 不保养装备的危险

The Danger Of Unserviced Gear

不保养装备的危险

BY MICHAEL ANGE OCTOBER 19, 2006

译文：25号

November 2002

2002年 11月

Much dive equipment is life-support equipment.

很多潜水装备是维持生命的装备。

Like any other life-support equipment, it requires propercare and routine service to do its job.

像任何一个维持生命的装备一样，它需要适当的保养和日常的维护才能正常的工作。

Failing to follow the manufacturer recommendations forequipment care can have tragic results. Take the case of Dick.

未能遵循制造商的建议维护设备会有悲剧性的结果。迪克就是这个情况。

The Diver 潜水员

Dick was an advanced diver in his late 40s with well over100 logged dives.

迪克是一个进阶开放水域潜水员，他在40年代末有超过100潜水记录。

Although he was moderately overweight, he consideredhimself to be in reasonably good physical condition and fit to dive.

虽然他略微有点重,但他认为自己的身体状况还算良好,适合潜水。

It had been over two years since Dick had been in thewater or checked his scuba equipment when he signed on for a wreck dive.

在他报名沉船潜水之前，迪克已经有两年多的时间没有在水中检查了他的潜水设备。

Dick's dive buddy suggested that Dick should have hisequipment checked out before the dive and also complete a pool tune-up.

迪克的潜伴建议迪克他应该在潜水前检查设备并且在泳池彻底的调整好再下水。

Dick assured him that the equipment had been servicedjust before he had placed it in storage and since it had only been used once,it should be fine.

迪克向他保证, 在他存储之前装备已经保养了,因为它只用了一次,它应该没问题。

Dick also felt that his diving experience precluded theneed for any kind of refresher training.

迪克也觉得他的潜水经验不需要再进行任何训练。

The Dive 潜水

The dive day could not have been better. Water temps weREIn the low 80s, and the seas were flat.

一个非常好的潜水日。水温低于华氏80度（26.6摄氏度）,风平浪静。

Dick and his buddy entered the water and discovered thatthe wreck was clearly visible 90 feet below. As soon as they descended,

迪克和他的朋友下了水,发现残骸就在他们下面90英尺（27.4米）的地方，清晰可见。

Dick's buddy noticed that Dick's first stage was losingseveral bubbles of air with each breath.

迪克的潜伴注意到迪克每一次呼吸一级头都会有少量的气泡。

Dick also seemed to be having some difficulty breathingfrom the regulator.

迪克用调整器呼吸好像也有些呼吸困难。

However, Dick was leading the Descent and  was moving so fast that his buddy couldn'tstop the descent to see if everything was OK.

然而,迪克在前面下潜，并且下潜很快,他的潜伴不能让他停下来查看他是否一切正常。

The Accident事故

At about 60 feet, Dick's movements became erratic and hebegan trying to swim back toward the surface, but he either forgot or wasunable to inflate his BC and he continued to sink.

大约60英尺(18.2米),迪克的动作变得飘忽不定,他开始尝试游回水面,但他似乎忘记并且也无法为BC无法充气，他继续下沉。

Shortly before the divers reached the bottom, Dick'sfirst stage began to bubble violently. His buddy swam over to donate hisoctopus.

不久他就沉到了底部,迪克一级头开始出现大量的泡沫。他潜伴给他备用二级头共气。

Dick pushed his buddy away, and dropped his weight beltin a frantic attempt to reach the surface.

迪克推开他的潜伴,除去配重带，急忙的尝试到达水面。

During Dick's rapid ascent, his buddy lost sight of him.

迪克快速上升,他消失在潜伴的视线里。

The buddy returned to the dive boat, reporting thedifficulties that had occurred.

他的潜伴回到船上,说他们遇到的麻烦了。

Dick's body was recovered just a few feet from the wreckon the sand bottom.

迪克的尸体被发现在距离沉船残骸只有几英尺沙底。

His tank was empty, his mask was missing, and it appearedhe had drowned.

气瓶是空的,他的面照也失踪了,他似乎是被淹死的。

Analysis分析

The aUTOpsy report indiCATed that Dick died from heartfailure, probably induced by severe strenuous activity.

验尸报告表明,迪克可能死于严重剧烈运动引起的心脏衰竭。

An inspection of Dick's regulator revealed significantcorrosion on the inlet filter and the internal piston assembly, indicating thatsalt water had entered the regulator prior to storage.

检查迪克的调节器发现过滤器和内部活塞总成严重腐蚀,说明存放之前海水进入了调节器。

The filter corrosion alone was enough to decrease gasflow by 75 percent.

过滤器的腐蚀足以让气体流动减少75%。

The O-ring seal around the primary piston in the firststage had suffered catastrophic failure as a result of some abrASIon, probablyalso caused by the corrosion.

由于一些磨损，一级头主活塞周围的密封胶圈遭到严重的损坏,也可能是腐蚀造成的。

It seems likely that as Dick dropped below 33 feet, thevolume of air he required for normal breathing exceeded what the regulator inits state of disrepair could deliver.

看来在迪克下潜至33英尺（10米）的时候,出气量低于正常呼吸所需的气量,潜水时调节器处于破损状态。

This created physiological stress that increased Dick'sbreathing rate.

生理的压力,增加了迪克的呼吸频率。

His rapid attempts to breathe from the regulator causedthe damaged first-stage piston O-ring to fail, quickly depleting his airsupply.

他急速用调节器呼吸，造成损坏的一级头活塞O形环失效,快速的耗尽他的空气供给。

The physiological stress became too much for Dick, and hesuffered a heart attack.

迪克生理压力过大,导致他心脏病发作。

Lessons for Life生命的教训

·
Piston regulatorscontrol the flow of air by the use of sharp metal edges pressing into syntheticseats under spring or air pressure tension. Even when not in use, degradationof the seats can occur. First- and second-stage seats should be servicedannually to prEVENT catastrophic failure.

活塞式调节器是利用锋利的金属边缘压迫弹簧底座和空气压力控制气流。即使不使用的也发生老化。一级头和二级头应该每年维护以防止灾难性故障。

·
Internal O-rings aremade of synthetic or rubber compounds that dry and crack with age, even if notused. These O-rings should be inspected, lubricated and replaced annually.

内部O形环是橡胶合成化合物，随着年限的增长会有干燥和裂纹,即使不使用。每年应该检查这些O形环,润滑和更换。

·
The salt crystalsfrom just a few drops of seawater can significantly decrease the flow capacityof a regulator's inlet filter. Have the filter inspected, serviced or replacedannually.

海水盐晶体会明显降低流量调节器的进气过滤器。每年应对过滤器检查、维修或更换。

·
Salt water cancause significant corrosive damage to internal regulator components, and leadto regulator failure. It is critical that divers take care when cleaning theirequipment after each dive to keep the interior components dry by either rinsingthe regulator while it is connected to a tank or while the dust cover is securelyin place. Regulators should also be stored with the dust cover in place. Onceagain, annual maintenance will generally catch minor lapses before significantinternal damage is done to the regulator.

盐水可以造成严重的腐蚀破坏调节器组件,并导致调机器失效。至关重要的是潜水员每次潜水后都要冲洗调节器、清洁设备并保持内部组件的干燥,检查气瓶连接处和防尘罩牢固。调节器应盖好防尘罩存储。

再次,每年的维护通常会找到调节器内部因之前失误所造成损害。

·
Most divers, eventhose with health problems, are fit enough to dive when everything on the divegoes right. But when emergencies occur, divers need to be considerably more fitin order to respond safely.

大多数潜水员,甚至那些有健康问题的潜水员 ,在所有操作都正确的情况下是适合潜水的。但当紧急情况发生时,潜水员要按正确的程序做出安全的回应。