| 温馨提示 全文约2000词，图片共80幅 本文内容源于网络，为确保原文准确性不进行翻译； 图片均为笔者拍摄，盗用必究。 Wiang Kum Kam is an historic settlement and archaeological site along the Ping River, which was built by King Mangrai the Great as his capital before he moved it to Chiang Mai. It was flooded and abandoned more than 700 years ago; that move became more understandable in 2005, when the ancient city was flooded three separate times as the river overflowed its banks in that area of Chiang Mai.Wiang Kum Kam is an ancient city loCATed in Saraphi District in the northern region of Thailand, around 3 km south of the southeastern corner of Chiang Mai's city centre. According to the chronicles and archaeological evidence, the old city was built by King Mangrai around the latter part of the 13th century. The city was established as a new capital by the King of Ngoenyang after his victory over the Mon people's kingdom of Hariphunchai, modern Lamphun. Due to repeated flooding, a new capital, Chiang Mai, was built a few years later. Wiang Kum Kam flourished during the REIgn of the Mangrai dynasty until the late 16th century. The old city was then lost from history for many years after Chiang Mai was conquered by the Burmese in 1558. There is a presumption that it was seriously flooded again at this time and was finally abandoned. The people were moved back to this area again more than 200 years later with a new community, and it was then named Chang Kham village. In 1984, the Department of Fine Arts Unit 4 discovered remnants of the old city around Wihan Kan Thom at Wat Chang Kham and afterwards excavation was begun; since then many new remains have been found and restoration has proceeded since that time.    |
| 01 Wat Ku Pa Dom Wat Ku Pa Dom was named after a Dom, the land owner of the site, as its actual name has not benn found in any hitorical records. Archaeological excavations at the site found the remains of an assembly hall, stupa, ordination hall, well, gateway, and boundary wall. The assembly hail is an open hall with no walls. Its roof is a multi-tiered receding roof, with a double roof on each side. It has a front stairway with the rails in the shape of"hang wan"or"tua ngao". Only the base of the stupa is found. lt is a square base supporting a two-tiered base with indented corners. The ordination hall is a Lanna-style open hall. An important architectural element of this hall is the stucco of a dragon emerging from mouth of Makara. This is the only dragon design found in Lanna. Moreover, the remains of a well, gateway, and boundary wall have also been found. Based on the at style and artifacts found during the excavation, it is assumed that this temple was probably built around 500-600 years ago and later abandoned after the great flood that hit Wiang Kum Kam 400-500 years ago. 
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| 02 Wat Pupia Wat Pu Pia（"Temple of Old Man Pia"）is a semi ruined temple in the Wiang Kum Kam archaeological complex, outside of modern Chiang Mai in northern Thailand. It is notable within the archaeological area inside Wiang Kum Kam for its relatively good state of preservation, including some remnants of stucco work and an intact layout.    |
| 03 Wat That Kaow Wat That Khao（"Temple of the White Reliquary"）is a ruined temple in the Wiang Kum Kam archaeological site, south of Chiang Mai in northern Thailand, thought to have been built in the 16th or 17th century. Its chedi is presumed to have been formerly lime-plastered, hence the name. The temple faces northeast. Excavation started in 1985. A vihara was found in front of the chedi, and at its rear an altar and a wall. South of the vihara a building considered to have perhaps been a rites pavilion was discovered, behind which parts of a lime-coated, brick Buddha image were discovered. Also discovered were 16th century writings in the Fak Kham script, and Haripunchai-style Buddha amulets dating to the 15th century that are assumed to have been brought to the site at a later date. Excavation was halted due to a land ownership dispute, and restoration of the structures was completed in 1986.    |
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